War Photographer and Stealingby Carol Anne Duffy Essay Example for Free

War Photographer and Stealingby Carol Anne Duffy Essay In Both the War Photographer and Stealing By Carol Anne Duffy the occupations of the narrator play a leading role even the titles are names of the occupations they both partake in. This is interesting because it seems that their jobs are their life and feeling even so they both share an extent of guiltiness related to their occupations, In War photographer he is guilty that he is at home in comfortable quiet rural England and all the people he photographs are still suffering. But in Stealing the guilt is underlying, less obvious and more of a guilt to himself like he owes himself a life without stealing or boredom. This shows a degree of selfishness which is evident when he takes pleasure in knowing the the children will cry in the morning he then goes on to say lifes tough like he had to harden to the world at a young age and so should they, he shows a bitterness towards the children as they have a childhood and he didnt and this bitterness seems to be aimed at all outsiders in both the poems . The Thief and the writer are issolated form society and therefore resent society as they see it and most of the suffering in the poems is blamed on the people The readers eyeballs prick with tears between the bath and pre lunch beers. Because the people see the suffering and carry on with their on lives the narrator thinks the readers dont care so their portrayed as heartless and cold. Carol Anne Duffy seems to have a flair for writing poems from other peoples point of view this is most evident in Stealing were she tries to understand the narrators motive and attempts to make the reader sympathise and justify what he does when normally he would be portrayed as the bad guy . The thief wallows in self pity throughout and even says he is better of dead and is so lonely even a snowman is good enough to be his friend I wanted him, a mate The snowman is a metaphor for what he has had in his life he steals it then dustructs it like he is destructing himself. The stealing is a ploy for attention he wants to be caught or noticed as he would have a reason to have contact with people eventhough he insults the people or outsiders in the poem sometimes I steal things,I dont need. I joy ride cars to nowhere, break into houses just to have a look. It is hard to establish what the message is in the war photographer at times he is praising the war photographers job And condeming the people he works for at other time he shows compassion to the victims he encounters but in the last line The narrator seems numb to what he witnesses as he works From the aeroplane he stares impassively at where he earns his living and they do not care This line defeats what he has said before when he developed the films the feelings the images conjured up made him remember the suffering he encountered but that was soon forgotten on the way to his next job he is turning in to what he condemns. The use of the word they signifies his view of society, the people that read newspapers he puts them all in the same cattergory and labels them accordingly. The war photographer is set in four regular stanzas which emphasises the pattern of the war photographers day. The poem opens with the Photographer coming home from his job and ends with him flying out to another job this implies his life runs in a cycle. It is also written in present tense which make the events more realistic and shocking to the reader. Stealing is also in equal stanzas this time five . And ocaisionly the end of one line falls into another (enjambment) which help the reader to enact the incidents which occur. A sense of mystery surrounds the narrator in stealing you dont know if he is male or female or his age and background although many assume the narrator is a man due to stereotypical criminal gender.In War Photographer we are told the narrator is male this is the only information surrounding the narrator intrestingly there is no desriptions of the physical attributes of the narrators or outsiders which poems usually include to help the reader relate to the charactors within the poems. In the War photographer photographical launguage is used as metaphors to shocking images the war photographer encountered ; spools of suffering set out in ordered rows conjures images of body bags holding victims of war laying side by side. The only light is red the colour red is used to remind the reader of the blood shed during war. These metophores seem to be effective by shocking the reader I think Carol Anne Duffy has intended the reader to start to think of the effects of the war not only on the victims but on the people who work their such as the War photographer, newsreaders or charity workers who arent necessarilly thought of being affected by war. In stealing the thiefs motive seems to be lonliness and this is explored subtbly but although theres only traces of lonliness it seems to be the main theme in both the poems. Although they resent outsiders it is only because they wish they could be like the outsiders as their not doing a job which issolates them from society this jelousy also seems to be one of the themes which explain how and why the outsiders are portrayed. I cant decide if I like these poems or not I dont really feel anything for the characters Carol Anne Duffy hasnt made them likeable by not describing them and showing the bad traits of their personality which makes the poems seem gritty. There is many hidden messages which seem obvious but effective but the fact that I had to read them both five times before they made sense put me off right away.But maybe thats because im The cat in the hat rhyming poem kind of a girl !

Confucianism Essay -- Religion Confucianism

Confucianism The religion of Confucianism is and interesting and unique religion. The various parts of this belief system deal more with humanity than with deities or supernatural occurrences. It is this fact that leads many to believe that Confucianism is more a philosophy or way of life than a religion. There are, however, various ceremonies and beliefs that those who follow Confucianism observe. In short, Confucianism has had more impact on the lives of the Chinese than any other single religion. Confucius was born in the province of Lu (now known as Shantung), in 551 BC, the youngest of eleven children, in the period of China's history when the nation was divided into feudal states. Confucius saw the time in which he lived as a low point in China's history so he set out to teach his philosophy in an effort of improving his society. He was born into a noble class, but his family had been stripped of its nobility by the time he was born. By the age of 21 he had been so well educate d that he already had disciples and by 22, he had opened a school. He became known later in life as K'ung Fu Tzu (which was later Latinized in the west as Confucius), meaning Great Master Kung, for his teaching. It is known that he had a wife , a son, and a daughter, and that he held a few governmental offices. The teachings of Confucius were to lead people to achieve a status known as Chun Tzu, or superior man, to become Chun Tzu you must reach a perfect balance and awareness in political and social situations. In the time of Confucius, only the aristocracy was educated, which meant that the Chun Tzu was exclusively the wealthy, however, he devoted his life to teaching everyone regardless of their financial standing, provided they were intelligent eno... ...ained a large following, with Buddhism competing directly against Confucianism (Taoism, due to it's similarities coexisted with Confucianism without much conflict). Eventually, Chinese political leaders came to believe that foreign religions (one of which was Buddhism) were eroding their traditional way of life, and this resulted in the persecution of many who followed these foreign religions, thus revitalizing Confucianism. In the past century, Confucianism has suffered greatly. due to industrialization and science, it has been seen as outdated and as abridging personal freedoms. Today it has finally began another resurgence. The current ideals of society have turned toward more spirituality and respect for other religions has once again breathed new life into this old philosophy. Bibliography Aspects of Religion CD-rom, Interactive Learning Productions, 1994

Ozorian

THE DAILY NEWSPAPER OF THE OZORIAN TRIBE ozorafestival. eu NOVEMBER 2012 MONTHLY ONLINE EDITION Lost statue finds way back home Mission complete: Luke Brown’s sculpture is back By mtrxism Last month we had to tell you the unfortunate news that the statue of Luke Brown – one of the greatest psychedelic artist alive – had been stolen at O. Z. O. R. A. from the Looney Moon Art Gallery.Not long after the newspaper had come out, we got wonderful news from Looney Moon: „Today the Ozorian Prophet has given us back the sculpture, ‘cause the guy that bought it from the one who stole it already got in contact with Luke and he’s gonna give back the sculpture in the next few days. Guys did a good job with the article:-) Thanx a lot really† You are very welcome, guys! We share your happiness! FRESH RELEASES CREATING MAGIC The movie ‘Magic Garden 2012 @ O. Z. O. R. A. ’ is out Psytrance above all Psychedelic Musical Superiority By Chemical Over the past few years a seemingly never-ending debate about music has been present among the members of our community. The dispute usually derives from a disagreement concerning our treatment of musical styles outside of our own personal taste, and more importantly, our attitude towards the opinion and taste of others that deviates from our own. First of all, what do we consider psychedelic? Do we make distinctions between musical genres according to their „psychedelicness? † How do we treat different subgenres? How do we approach electronic musical styles other than trance that have ome psychedelic quality? Are they – in a way – subordinate to trance? Does some kind of hierarchy exist according to the assumed „psychedelicness† of genres? Continues on page 2 ASTROLOGY DISCUSSION PHOTOS: KRISZTIAN PAMUKI The more than a half of an hour long film about the Ozorian Magic Garden consists of four chapters. The first is a mood-journey through the Ma gic Garden, from the gates to the big stage. The second and third shortly show the months of Art Camp, followed by the months of building and creating. The last chapter is about a Magic Garden day during the festival.All this in a music video style, spiced with short interview inserts in which we can hear the garden builders, designers, the program organizers, as well as Andras Feldmar, Viktor Kubiszyn, and others†¦ Enjoy the magic moments!!! By sue It’s all about music Music continues on page 2 GOA – 20 YEARS OF PSYCHEDELIC CULTURE Magic Garden 2012 @ O. Z. O. R. A. Festival Filmed and edited by: Krisztian Pamuki, Labormedia Workshop Additional footage: Peter Busak, Levente Kolcsey-Gyurko, Daniel Szandtner, Csaba Antal Interviews: Peter Muller, Csaba Mata, Peter Busak, Marton Szuhay, Levente Kolcsey-GyurkoUntil we can gather in front of the huge speakers of our majestic Ozorian dancefloor again lift your spirits with the best Psytrance in winter time and check ou t what our artists have been up to! November 13: Total Solar Eclipse By Peter Antal Forecast October November The roots of psychedelic trance The psychedelic revolution never stopped. It just had to travel halfway around the world to a deserted beach at the end of a dirt road where it was allowed to mutate and evolve without government or media pressures until a new paradigm was achieved: the Goa state of mind.By Goa Gil Edited by Michael McAteer The 1960s in San Francisco, where I grew up, was a unique space and time. All of us there were experiencing something indescribably new. Most of all, psychedelic music had exploded into our consciousness and had changed us forever. It seemed as though a new dawn had broken all over the world†¦ and if San Francisco was any indication, the dawn was Cosmic. But by the end of the summer of 1969, while the Woodstock nation was on suburban TV sets, the bubble had burst, the magic had faded, and something special had been lost.It was during t his time that many of us decided to take our trip on the road. We wanted to test our â€Å"headspace† in the lands which had influenced our thought so deeply. It was the East – and most of all India – where our tribe collectively headed. Continues on page 3 In the coming month, Saturn continues its recently commenced passage through Scorpio, which will last approximately 3 years. The topics uncovered will include money, sharing resources, letting go, self-discovery and intimacy. Motives, ethics and values are and should be questioned to readjust our directions, beliefs and purposes.Life requires us to make choices and decisions. We need to progress and pursue our spiritual journey†¦ Continues on page 3 2 FASHION NEWS FRESH RELEASES Total Eclipse inspired beauty It’s all about music Continued from 1 E-CLIP’s newest single Troublemaker just came out 1st October on Iono. Once a drummer in hardcore bands the serbian producer formerly known as Beyo ndecliptica definitely brought his Full-on vibes along when starting the new Progressive project. You can expect strict tempo, tight rythms and of course those classic Goa melodies to magically power up any daytime dancefloors.To up the tempo a bit we must not forget about SOUTHWILD who has got his debut album released also this summer on the UK label Wildthings. The former member of legendary Rastaliens project is into twisted Night Full-on vibes with the new solo venture. Bubbling synths, ever rolling basslines and mysterious atmospheres enchant on Synthology album, which also includes a versus track with Ajja. Listen to it loud! PHOTO: BALINT TRUNKO By novishari One of the world’s most prestigious hairdressing events and competitions, the 30th Alternative Hair Show was held last week in the Royal Albert Hall in London.This year one of our sisters, the two time Hungarian hairdressing champion, Koczka also took part in the event. She was an International Visionary Award fina list of the ‘Main Event’ in London. Koczka has commented the following about her work: „My inspiration comes from the first Ozora Festival where thousands of people gathered to witness the total eclipse of the sun together. I envisaged a beautiful, freckled redhead as a symbol of the world’s beauty that we can thank to the vividness of humanity. † Congratulations Koczka, lots of love! DISCUSSION Deeply Activating Groove† as the Australian calls his own music is an apt phrase indeed. Having appeared several times on Sensient’s Zenon Records as well MERKABA is now running his own label where his latest full-length album was also released this summer. Language of Light is a real trippy dialogue of sounds where each shred of melody feels like being in its exact right place surrounded by hypnotic effects and atmospheres. If you are a Dark Progressive lover and haven’t checked this out yet, it’s about time. Just the way you should listen to the new Nano Records monster: an AVALON remix album.The Remixes Volume One came out end of September with reworks of Avalon’s top originals made by Tristan, Dickster, Loud and a lot of others including Lucas from T. I. P. World or Mindfold, the joint venture of Materia and Brainiac. sue Psytrance Above All Musical Superiority Within The Psychedelic Cultural Frame What is real psychedelic? Full-On, Darkpsy, Progressive, Downtempo, Goa, Twilight, Morning, Psycore, Techno, Techtrance, Forest, Zenonesque, Experimental, Deep Trance, Psy Dub, Minimal, Suomi, Classic, Glitch, Ambient – discuss in the social media –Let an example stand here of the continuously resurfacing, sometimes accepting, sometimes downright harsh, but definitely thought-provoking discussions. A: minimal is not psy! B: Sometimes it is†¦ and what is psy is a very personal perception†¦ AND this is not minimal†¦ C: Silly A. Psychedelic can be anything really. Perfect Stranger is anything but minimal. He is a true psychedelic artist. 145bpm with lazer noises is definitely not „psy† either. One of the most psychedelic artists at Ozora was actually Deadbeat at the chill stage.His stuff is so deep and psychedelic, but definitely not psytrance. More like minimal psydub/techno, but way more „psy† than most of the trance artists on the main stage. But it’s all good music and music is always subjective. If you don’t like the sound of someone, then go for a walk, go take a nap, go get arrested for holding up a sign Whatever. But don’t expect that all the music should sound the same all the time, especially when 20,000 other people are having a blast on the dancefloor! Source: PHOTO: BOBBY C. ALKABESContinued from 1 It seems to be a very tricky question, especially if we keep in mind that we are talking about music within the frame of psychedelic subculture, which more or less involves progression, openness, and libera lism. Is it possible that a paradoxical situation, a kind of musical superiority has evolved despite these basic concepts that permeates the ideological back ground of the psychedelic community? What aspect of music throws you into a trance-like state of mind is up to you and your own personal taste.It can be the fast, repetitive drums of darkpsy, the frisky, vivid sound effects of full on, the deep, perpetual soundscapes of psybient or even the slow, deep pulsation of progressive psy. You are even likely to attach a psychedelic quality to any other kind of musical genre – even to some that are not included in a line up like that of O. Z. O. R. A. We could even consider the possibility that the listener has an active role in the process, that the „psychedelicness† of music (at least partly) depends on him/her, and it is not necessarily involved or defined by the sounds music is built up of.This seems to be the reason why it is such a subjective observation, and th at is why the notion of psychedelic electronic music varies so significantly from person to person. It is up to us how we treat these differences. Chemical Ozora Festival Official 3 ASTROLOGY Forecast October November Continued from 1 Our personal relationships will be the main area of focus and deep-rooted problems may come to the surface, which might require attention. This can be anything from power-fights, imbalances (emotional-financial) and the lack of intimacy.This will be especially true between 29 Oct and 7 Nov when Venus will join the Uranus-Pluto square, bringing issues to a very personal level. Mercury turning retrograde may further intensify this effect – Mercury will be seemingly moving backwards – from 7-27 Nov and will be squaring Neptune for most of this time. Things to watch for include misunderstandings, self-delusions, lying to oneself and others, deceptions, convincing oneself that everything is fine when in fact that might not be thie case. The ot her side to this is the spiritualizing effect, however mixing various practices andAs we wrote last month we know for sure that you like surprises – but we’re also certain that you like teasers too! So, here are some of the names that will definitely be present sometime between August 6 and 13 at the O. Z. O. R. A. Festival in 2013. Growin’ LINE UP NEWS PHOTO: PETER NEMESHAZI the lack of clear boundaries and the over-abundance of unclear teachings may confuse us at this time. The keyword of the month is: DISCRIMINATION. As Rudolf Steiner (founder of Spiritual Science) said: â€Å"Don’t accept anything you haven’t understood and don’t reject anything you haven’t understood. Mercury retrogrades happen three times a year and have a definite cycle. Here comes the interesting part. The exact Mercury retrogrades we experience this month will be in the exact same signs and same degrees and the same calendar days of 1933. The question is, wh at took place at that time which has some similarity to our inner lives today? Helpful aspects (from Chiron and Neptune) are also present to guide and heal wounds of the past, and help may come from places least expected and change can be brought forward by opening up and embracing our fears honestly even if this seems frightening.A total Solar Eclipse will take place on 13 November, 2012 at 21 degrees and 57 minutes of Scorpio, which will most significantly affect people who are born with personal planets and points at about 17 to 27 degrees of Scorpio or the other Fixed signs Taurus, Leo and Aquarius. At such times changes take place in our lives depending on the house position of the eclipse in our own natal chart and on the planet it hits. The Sabian Symbol for this degree of the Zodiac is: OBEYING Hux Flux Braincell Hypogeo Mirror System Giuseppe Stay tuned for more info!VISUAL NEWS HIS CONSCIENCE, A SOLDIER RESISTS ORDERS†¦ – We should listen to the ever growing ca ll of our CONSCIENCE because it is the sound of our spirit guiding us towards the right path. Paint It Up! Videomapping: Anonim Flow http://astrology. hu By Peter Antal GOA – 20 YEARS OF PSYCHEDELIC CULTURE The roots of psychedelic trance playing and singing my songs wherever I went†¦ songs which seemed to come to me from deep in the universe, channeled through the Kundalini that I was awakening with my Yoga Sadhana. PHOTO: VISUAL POWER It was paradiseIn this way, many of us had begun to create a special mix of East and West, absorbing the spiritual traditions of India into our music, art and ideas. In my case, I was fusing my music with yogic energy. This combination, which in the beginning came from an acoustic guitar and an electrified Kundalini, helped to spark the first full moon parties. Soon, our passion led us to form bands, get electric sound equipment, and set up a stage on the beach. We also began to DJ. We would DJ the music of our times†¦ it would be a mix of rock, rhythm and blues, jazz, and fusion: everything and anything from our hippie musical history.It wasn’t until the 1980s with the introduction of â€Å"wave music,† â€Å"body music,† etc. that these earliest forms of techno began to fill the DJ sets, eventually becoming full nights of electronic dance music. The Visual Power’s international virtual buildingpainting competition PAINT UP!  ® was organized in Budapest this month. The videomapping competition and the finals of the happening took place at one of Budapest’s most beautiful landmarks, the Heroes’ Square where the participants painted up the building of the Museum of Fine Arts before more than ten thousand people.To our great happiness and pride, one of the finalists was Pumpui’s audio-visual live resident, Tamas Kantor aka Pentatone aka Anonim Flow with his project called History. Nice job Tamas, respect! PHOTO: GOA GIL The bubble had burst, the magic had faded C ontinued from 1 Like so many others, I got a one way ticket to Europe and headed overland to find my destiny. Soon, I was on the beaches of Goa. At that time, there were no bikes, no rickshaws, and no restaurants. There was nothing except the beach, some locals, and a small tribe of hippies. It was paradise.But Goa wasn’t all that we discovered in India. Most of us also travelled all over, becoming deeply influenced by the culture we found. In my own case, I began to meet Sadhus, to smoke and talk and travel with them, and before long I had met my Guruji in Kashmir, embraced the practice of Yoga, and had become a Sadhu myself. But even as a Sadhu, my love of music never left me. I began traveling with a guitar, returning every winter to Goa, To be continued Goa Gil / Michael McAteer Get GOA: 20 Years of Psychedelic Trance via www. goabook. net 4 Press ReviewThere's a whole page O. Z. O. R. A. 2012 review in the new mushroom magazine by the magazine's editor and author Tom Rom . He’s also known as the author and editor of psychedelic publications such as Psy Traveller, the Trancers Guide to the Galaxy, the Goa – 20 Years of Psychedelic Trance book, and he is the co-founder of the Austrian Sonnenklag Festival. He spent the whole week at the Valley during the Festival, so he has a clear and extensive picture of the 2012 happenings. In his objective report, very wisely and objectively, he talks about the ‘loss of O.Z. O. R. A. ‘s virginity'. He starts his article saying: „The name Ozora stood for a living anarchy in terms of psychedelic substances and a police-free zone since 1999. This is over now as the Hungarian police conducted a massive disproportioned raid against some international big drug dealers involving several hundreds of policemen. (†¦T)he action was adressed to the big dealers as they showed up at most of the other big music festivals as well. † u And he concludes the topic: „As the Hungarian Mi nistry of the Interior recently announced,Ozora will come alive again in 2013 if the Hungarian laws will be respected next year. Anarchy is over but freedom remains. † In his article he also points out the great progress the Magic Garden has made with a more colorful and varied choice of cultural programs than ever before. You can read the whole article in the mushroom magazine. Respect to Tom Rom and mushroom magazine – We couldn’t have expressed it in a better or more correct way. – olrajt – Ozorian Prophet Facebook Page is up and running! rom now you can also find the articles here, after each issue comes out.We really wanted to have a platform where you can share your ideas on the various news, articles, thoughts – and because more than 57,000 people liked the O. Z. O. R. A. Festival Official Facebook Page, this seemed to be the best decision. Let’s make Ozorian Prophet interactive – we hope many of you you will comment on t he articles and contribute your thoughts so that the Ozorian Prophet and naturally, the O. Z. O. R. A. Festival can serve our brother and sisterhood society better and better as we strengthen together. Subscribe and stay tuned!Publisher: Daniel & Arpad Zimanyi Editor-in-chief: – olrajt – Managing Editor: novishari Supervisor: Wegha Andere Authors: Tom Rom Reka Sas aka Chemical mtrixism Sue Layout: Henzi VidekiBela Logo: Seboe F-K Design: torojo Photographers: Ildiko Repaczky Peter Nemeshazi gotticon. freeweb. hu bobbyalkabes. com Gabor Gottwald nemeshazi. com Bobby C. Alkabes Ivan Herczeg Co-work: Tamas Berces Astrology: Peter Antal PHOTO: PETER NEMESHAZI Comics: novishari torojo – olrajt – Special thanks to: dr. Sally M. Torkos prof. Bela Torkos http://astrology. hu

Definition and Examples of Nationality Words

Hate Speech Should Be Made Illegal - 1351 Words

â€Å"GOD HATES FAGS† is the kind of hate speech used by the members of Westboro Baptist Church to grab headlines and national attention. The public backlash against them has been almost universal. The public opinion that it is reprehensible and unnecessarily hurtful is at the center of the debate on whether or not some hate speech should be made illegal. An interesting side effect is it can have a polarizing effect for good. It can bring people together to stand up against the person or group speaking out of hatred. This type of rhetoric has taken many forms and had many sources over the years. Other examples include public anger towards Muslims after the terrorist attacks of 9/11, much of the debate about the Civil Rights movement in the ‘60s, and even comments by current presidential candidates all can be considered hate speech. As much as this type of hurtful language is instantly and historically detested it is still protected by the 1st Amendment to the US Constitu tion. A recent case against Westboro Baptist church went all the way to the Supreme Court and their freedom to say these morally reprehensible things was upheld (Richey, 2011). Hate speech is something that should be protected by the 1st Amendment right of Freedom of Speech. The history of the freedom of speech isn’t limited to this country and the U.S. wasn’t even the first government to make it a legal right. The 1689 Bill of Rights was instituted by the British Parliament and granted the freedom of speech toShow MoreRelatedHate Speech1536 Words   |  7 PagesHate Speech Essay In the first amendment of the United States constitution, American citizens are guaranteed the right to free speech. This is a fundamental right of American law, and one of the foundations of the U.S. Constitution. It is also the breeding ground for one of the most widely debated issues in America: What, if any, measures should be put into place to regulate hateful language? 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Incentives Pay With Traditional Pay Essay - 2108 Words

Contrasting Incentive Pay with Traditional Pay Compensation is a tool used by management for a variety of purposes to further the existence of the company. Compensation may be adjusted according the business needs, goals, and available resources. Compensation may be used to: †¢ recruit and retain qualified employees. †¢ increase or maintain morale/satisfaction. †¢ reward and encourage peak performance. †¢ achieve internal and external equity. †¢ reduce turnover and encourage company loyalty. †¢ modify (through negotiations) practices of unions. Recruitment and retention of qualified employees is a common goal shared by many employers. To some extent, the availability and cost of qualified applicants for open positions is determined by market factors beyond the control of the employer. While an employer may set compensation levels for new hires and advertise those salary ranges, it does so in the context of other employers seeking to hire from the same applicant pool. 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Gothic Conventions From Pre

Gothic Conventions From Pre-1914 and The Twentieth Century Essay The word gothic is a noun and an adjective describing an era of fashion. This fashion can be seen through people in what they wear, buildings, writings, music and images. Gothic fashions are meant to shock and scare people into a state of insecurity, it does this by following certain stock features (rules it abides to). In this study I plan to concentrate on Bram Stokers novel Dracula, Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, Daphne Du-Mauriers Rebecca, and The Woman In Black (author unknown). I will look at four certain stock features and find the similarities and differences between Dracula, Frankenstein (pre 1914), and Rebecca and The Woman In Black (the twentieth century). The features that I will be looking at are, buildings, quests and journeys, letters/diaries, and the use of the externals such as weather (pathetic fallacies). In all four of the gothic novels included in this study buildings play a big part. In Frankenstein and Dracula the main characters in each go to stay in huge, isolated buildings. In Dracula Jonathan Harker is working, as a solicitor and trying to move Dracula to London, and in Frankenstein Victor Frankenstein is creating his immortal monster in his rather overly huge student home. In the films of Dracula and Frankenstein we can see that in their own different way the buildings have become very isolated creating fear in the reader/viewers mind that danger is approaching. In Dracula Mr Harker has travelled deep into the darkest corner of Transylvania and there on the top of a mountain is a desolate castle. This obviously spells out danger and also tells us a lot about the character living in this isolated castle, which in turn raises questions in our heads like what kind of being could live in this deserted palace. Where there is no surrounding village and no obvious food source? And also in Frankenstein we see that Victor has isolated himself in his hall to commit himself wholly to his project. We see that, bizarrely, the room actually changes in size during the film to add confusion, and makes the viewer aware that not everything is as it should be. The isolation of the building is also another factor that can make the viewer worry because whatever danger there may be the only person who will know about it is the isolated character-no-one can hear you scream. In the two pre 1914 novels it is apparent the buildings have been used to create suspense and as places for evil to occur. However, in the 20th century novels the use of buildings is different. The buildings are described in much more detail in Rebecca and The Woman in Black, especially the surroundings, and both buildings seem less daunting and less obviously a place of danger. This is because of the language used by the authors to describe the places. In Rebecca, the heroin reminisces about the building, saying just how perfect everything was with it. It can be considered that this is a cryptic warning, because if everything was perfect, and now everything has become overrun with shrubbery and hedgerow could there be an evil presence? it is definitely possible as many gothic productions follow in this direction. In The Woman in Black the character describes his/her way to the building in great detail and we are told how the building looks like it is growing out of the scenery as the character approaches. Journeys are crucial in gothic writing; the fact that the main character is away from his or her natural, recognisable surroundings can create worry. This is because in a strange place wher you are a stranger to everyone and everyone is a stranger to you, you do not know who you can trust, this can cause worry and suspicion in the readers and characters mind.  Holding out his hand grasped mine with a strength  that made me wince, an effect which was not lessened  by the fact that it seemed as cold as ice-more like the  hand of a dead than a living man-. .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 , .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .postImageUrl , .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 , .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009:hover , .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009:visited , .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009:active { border:0!important; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009:active , .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tragedy of Tess of the D'Urbervilles EssayThis quote from Dracula shows that after his long and tiresome journey from London to Transylvania Mr Harker is weary and very aware. We see that in the film the castle is set high in a mountain (and that is the image created in our minds from the text) where it is obviously cold night, this would surely make Count Draculas hands cold, especially as hands and feet are most sensitive to heat and cold. And so surely this statement by Jonathan Harker is unjust. In Frankenstein Victor his made the journey to university, where he begins to create his monster. In Rebecca the journey is somewhat different as it takes place in the heroins head as a dream. This is very strange because she has made the journey back to her old house and although she has not been there for a while she has in her mind all the precise changes that have taken place in her absence. And in The Woman in Black the main character is also travelling to a building.  So in all four of the selected texts the main characters have made a journey to a building but they have been in very different ways and for many different reasons. Letters and diaries are important features, of the gothic but also it is the way the stories are told, for example first person narrative. In all four of the selected texts we see that the author has used 1st person narrative, this puts the reader more in touch with the character and what theyre going through in the story. Also, mainly in Dracula and Frankenstein some of the chapters (all in Dracula) are written as letters, these letters portray the author of these letters deepest feelings so it is an easier way of knowing whats going on. The narratives of gothic stories have not changed a lot over the years so it is very hard to compare the two time periods. The scenery is used in a big way in gothic writing it shows feeling, and indicates danger and safety. It is hard to get this from the pre 1914 text that we have been issued with but it is quite easy with the twentieth century ones. However, as I have seen the films of both Dracula and Frankenstein it helps me to interpret the pathetic fallacies better. In the pre 1914 novels we can see that the contrast between dark and light and the weather is used in a big way. For example when Victor Frankensteins mother dies at the exact same moment a bolt of lightning strikes and fells a tree in the garden. And in Dracula when Jonathan Harker arrives at Draculas castle it is a dark wet night this indicates that evil is present as that was the way that gothic writers worked in those days. In the twentieth century novels pathetic fallacies are used differently, in both Rebecca and The Woman in Black you will note as I have earlier explain that the buildings are described in great detail. The externals are used to set the scene, things like the shrubbery, hedgerows in Rebecca and the paths and the area surrounding the house in The Woman in Black, and although the weather is used in The Woman in Black it is not as important as the pre 1914 novels. So in pre 1914 novels the weather is used in the externals in a big way but in the twentieth century novels this has changed and the scenery itself had been used to set the mood. In conclusion I can say that Gothic writing has changed over the years but the stock-features have stayed very much the same. I believe that this change has taken place because people themselves have changed. It the early 1900 hundreds people would be shocked and disgusted by the mentioning of Satan or of sex but now these topics come up in many conversations. So gothic writers of today have had to adapt to this and alter their work. Also it is apparent that people have become more sophisticated in many ways so the writing of today has to be much deeper and much more descriptive. So although the conventions of gothic have remained very similar, the writing has changed in many ways.