Hate Speech Should Be Made Illegal - 1351 Words

â€Å"GOD HATES FAGS† is the kind of hate speech used by the members of Westboro Baptist Church to grab headlines and national attention. The public backlash against them has been almost universal. The public opinion that it is reprehensible and unnecessarily hurtful is at the center of the debate on whether or not some hate speech should be made illegal. An interesting side effect is it can have a polarizing effect for good. It can bring people together to stand up against the person or group speaking out of hatred. This type of rhetoric has taken many forms and had many sources over the years. Other examples include public anger towards Muslims after the terrorist attacks of 9/11, much of the debate about the Civil Rights movement in the ‘60s, and even comments by current presidential candidates all can be considered hate speech. As much as this type of hurtful language is instantly and historically detested it is still protected by the 1st Amendment to the US Constitu tion. A recent case against Westboro Baptist church went all the way to the Supreme Court and their freedom to say these morally reprehensible things was upheld (Richey, 2011). Hate speech is something that should be protected by the 1st Amendment right of Freedom of Speech. The history of the freedom of speech isn’t limited to this country and the U.S. wasn’t even the first government to make it a legal right. The 1689 Bill of Rights was instituted by the British Parliament and granted the freedom of speech toShow MoreRelatedHate Speech1536 Words   |  7 PagesHate Speech Essay In the first amendment of the United States constitution, American citizens are guaranteed the right to free speech. This is a fundamental right of American law, and one of the foundations of the U.S. Constitution. It is also the breeding ground for one of the most widely debated issues in America: What, if any, measures should be put into place to regulate hateful language? Most people will agree under one definition or another that hate speech is a socially deviant activityRead More The Controversy Over Internet Censorship Essay1152 Words   |  5 PagesIsn’t that infringing on their right to free speech?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many people feel that if the Internet is censored, that is in strict violation of ones freedom of speech.   Others feel that the government should step in and penalize anyone whose writings could be offensive.   Many of these people have expressed their opinions on the Internet, and have made several good points.   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Legislation on Internet Censorship   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a statement made by Senator Leahy in January 1997 suggestingRead MoreWe Must Stop Hate Speech1709 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the turbulent tides of the 2016 election, the question of whether or not hate speech is protected under the First Amendment has been brought up multiple times. Hate speech is defined by the American Bar Association as â€Å"speech that offends, threatens, or insults groups, based on race, color, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, disability, or other traits.† One side argues that hateful comments should not and are not protected due to the oppression they bring. After all, why wouldRead MorePre Nazi Holocaust And The Civil War1181 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Downing asks several tough questions to the believers of more speech: â€Å"What was the ‘healing antibiotic’ [(referring to more speech)] after the 1838 Cherokee Trail of Tears†¦Why will dialogue occur? What kind of dialogue?† (Downing 177), and later, â€Å"..where is the ‘more speech’ during the centuries of slavery†¦Was the Civil War fought simply because Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth†¦and their relatively few supporters spoke† (Downing 183). He also gives the example of pre-Nazi Germany, describeRead MoreHate Speech And Freedom Of Speech1393 Words   |  6 Pages In the name of free speech, hate speech should not be tolerated. Hate speech has devastating effects on the people and communities it is targeted at. Left unchecked hate speech can lead to harmful and violent effects. Over the past few years, the effects of hate speech used on women, homosexuals, ethnic groups and religious minorities have become more and more apparent. Hate speech can be very divisive in many of the situations it is used, depending on who interprets the expression can vary howRead MorePersuasive Essay On Hate Speech1612 Words   |  7 Pages In the name of free speech, hate speech should not be tolerated. Hate speech has devastating effects on the people and communities it is targeted at. Left unchecked hate speech can lead to harmful and violent effects. Over the past few years, the effects of hate speech used on women, homosexuals, ethnic groups and religious minorities have become more and more apparent. Hate speech can be very divisive in many of the situations it is used, depending on who interprets the expression can vary howRead MoreWestboro Baptist Church779 Words   |  4 PagesPersuasive opinion paper God hates fags, Thank god for dead soldiers, Thank god for Hurricane Katrina, Pretty harsh right? These are all common phrases publically protested by a church called the Westboro Baptist church. You would think such comments should be illegal to chant out in public considering that gay marriage is now legal in some states and also that soldiers are out fighting for us, however members of the Westboro Baptist church feel differently. Westboro Baptist church was establishedRead MoreHate Speech Should Not Be Restricted at Universities Essay1333 Words   |  6 Pageshistory, the United States Constitution has been put to the test over the issue of free speech. The First Amendment states, Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Even though free speech is one of the core American values proudly embedded in each citizen, some poopAmericansRead MoreFree Speech vs. Hate Speech Essay1362 Words   |  6 Pageshistory, the United States Constitution has been put to the test over the issue of free speech. The First Amendment states, Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Even though free speech is one of the core American values proudly embedded in each citizen, some poopAmericansRead MoreEssay on Hate Speech - Legal, but Unnecessary1376 Words   |  6 PagesHate Speech - Legal, but Unnecessary nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;While a clear and concise definition remains forthcoming, it is easier to establish what hate speech is not. Hate speech is wrong but legal in the United States of America mostly because we have the freedom of speech. But the First Amendment exists precisely to protect the most offensive and controversial speech from government suppression. In this case, people are allowed to use hate speech and not get arrested or any legal actions

Incentives Pay With Traditional Pay Essay - 2108 Words

Contrasting Incentive Pay with Traditional Pay Compensation is a tool used by management for a variety of purposes to further the existence of the company. Compensation may be adjusted according the business needs, goals, and available resources. Compensation may be used to: †¢ recruit and retain qualified employees. †¢ increase or maintain morale/satisfaction. †¢ reward and encourage peak performance. †¢ achieve internal and external equity. †¢ reduce turnover and encourage company loyalty. †¢ modify (through negotiations) practices of unions. Recruitment and retention of qualified employees is a common goal shared by many employers. To some extent, the availability and cost of qualified applicants for open positions is determined by market factors beyond the control of the employer. While an employer may set compensation levels for new hires and advertise those salary ranges, it does so in the context of other employers seeking to hire from the same applicant pool. Morale and job satisfaction are affected by compensation. Often there is a balance (equity) that must be reached between the monetary value the employer is willing to pay and the sentiments of worth felt be the employee. In an attempt to save money, employers may opt to freeze salaries or salary levels at the expense of satisfaction and morale. Conversely, an employer wishing to reduce employee turnover may seek to increase salaries and salary levels. Compensation may also be used as a reward for exceptional jobShow MoreRelatedTraditional Bases For Pay, Incentive, And Person-Focused1002 Words   |  5 Pages Traditional Bases for Pay, Incentive, and Person-Focused Pay Traditional bases for pay is about longevity, seniority pay practices, performance appraisal methods, merit pay, and performance appraisal methods. Organizations award their employees raises based on their job performance and or their seniority. Many companies only award their employees raises based on their job performance and not their seniority. IBM was one of those organizations that awarded its employees raises solely based on jobRead MoreThe Employee Total Compensation Program1163 Words   |  5 Pagesemployee (p. 5). The area of compensation derives from three basic segments that differ in organizations (Gomez-Mejia, Balkin, Cardy, 2016, p. 287). First, this includes base compensation, pay incentives, and indirect compensation (p. 287). In addition, the base compensation is the salary, pay incentives are rewards for employee performance, and indirect compensation is insurance for the employees in an organization (p. 287). Next, the topic of compensation is a vital factor to recruit and maintainRead MoreThe Employee Total Compensation Program1162 Words   |  5 Pagesemployee (p. 5). The area of compensation derives from three basic segments that differ in organizations (Gomez-Mejia, Balkin, Cardy, 2016, p. 287). First, this includes base compensation, pay incentives, and indirect compensation (p. 287). In addition, the base compensation is the salary, pay incentives are rewards for employee performance, and indirect compensation is insurance for the employees in an organization (p. 287). Next, the topic of compensation is a vital factor to recruit and maintainRead MoreTraditional Bases For Pay Practices991 Words   |  4 PagesTraditional bases for pay refers to longevity, seniority pay practices, performance appraisal methods, merit pay, and performance appraisal methods. Organizations award their employees raises based on their job performance or their seniority. Many companies only award their employees raises based on their job performance and not their seniority. IBM was one of those organizations that awarded its employees raises solely based on job performance. At some point, the IBM employees expected increasesRead MorePros and Cons of Healthcare999 Words   |  4 Pageswell I suggest that we take a look into the mirror and see the reflections of the Pros and cons of managed care , and traditional insurance before Making a change . Managed care According to (Wikipedia, 2009) managed care offers a variety of techniques that help with unnecessary cost of healthcare through the different mechanisms and economic incentives such as lower costly select forms, programs that are to review the medical necessity of some services, control the costRead MoreCompensation Pl Definition And Strategy1609 Words   |  7 Pagesaccount base pay, wages, salary and variable pay. Indirect compensation encompasses the benefits provided by the organization to the employee. â€Å"Applying Advanced Analytics to HR Management Decisions: methods for selection, developing incentives, and improving collaboration† authored by Sesil (2013) implies that compensation is clearly a key business decision and impacts the success of the organization. It emphasizes that employee compensation is a divisive topic, and closely aligning pay and organizationalRead MoreThe Protection Of Environmental Quality1423 Words   |  6 Pagesenvironmental quality is a globally growing concern, and there has been an increasing use of economic instruments in the environment protection policies, such as tradable permits or pollution charges, to reduce environmental harm by harnessing economic incentives to encourage the industries. In New South Wales, the Environment Protection Authority (â€Å"EPA†) introduced the load-based licensing (â€Å"LBL†) scheme as a new approach of environment protection licence under the Protection of the Environment OperationsRead Mo reClassic : The Classic Plan1559 Words   |  7 PagesHumana Classic: The Classic plan, which is also known as a traditional indemnity plan or a fee-for-service plan, has no provider network. Members can choose any doctor or other healthcare provider, and you don t need a referral to see a specialist. Humana Simplicity: When members use in-network healthcare services, they’ll pay no deductible, just a copayment. PCA Plan: PCA plan combines a medical plan with a spending account funded by member’s employer. It can be a low-premium, high-deductibleRead MorePerformance and Management Essay examples1640 Words   |  7 PagesPhases I and II to pay people, develop plans that reward performance, add benefits into the mix, and evaluate these results. First we will look at performance-based-pay as a policy for recognizing employee contributions. Performance-based-pay is a pay plan that varies with some measure of individual or organizational performance, such as merit pay, lump-sum bonus plans, skill-based pay, incentive plans, variable pay plans, risk sharing, and success sharing. It is basically a pay plan that moves awayRead MoreSteps For More Effective Pay For Performance969 Words   |  4 PagesFive Steps to More Effective Pay-for-Performance It?s hard to pick up a newspaper without reading about another major employer who has decided to abandon the use of performance ratings altogether. In a recent survey of North American employers conducted by Willis Towers Watson, 8%, have eliminated ratings entirely while another 29% are either planning or considering such a move. North American organizations are restless for change. Seventy three percent report that they are planning to make some

Gothic Conventions From Pre

Gothic Conventions From Pre-1914 and The Twentieth Century Essay The word gothic is a noun and an adjective describing an era of fashion. This fashion can be seen through people in what they wear, buildings, writings, music and images. Gothic fashions are meant to shock and scare people into a state of insecurity, it does this by following certain stock features (rules it abides to). In this study I plan to concentrate on Bram Stokers novel Dracula, Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, Daphne Du-Mauriers Rebecca, and The Woman In Black (author unknown). I will look at four certain stock features and find the similarities and differences between Dracula, Frankenstein (pre 1914), and Rebecca and The Woman In Black (the twentieth century). The features that I will be looking at are, buildings, quests and journeys, letters/diaries, and the use of the externals such as weather (pathetic fallacies). In all four of the gothic novels included in this study buildings play a big part. In Frankenstein and Dracula the main characters in each go to stay in huge, isolated buildings. In Dracula Jonathan Harker is working, as a solicitor and trying to move Dracula to London, and in Frankenstein Victor Frankenstein is creating his immortal monster in his rather overly huge student home. In the films of Dracula and Frankenstein we can see that in their own different way the buildings have become very isolated creating fear in the reader/viewers mind that danger is approaching. In Dracula Mr Harker has travelled deep into the darkest corner of Transylvania and there on the top of a mountain is a desolate castle. This obviously spells out danger and also tells us a lot about the character living in this isolated castle, which in turn raises questions in our heads like what kind of being could live in this deserted palace. Where there is no surrounding village and no obvious food source? And also in Frankenstein we see that Victor has isolated himself in his hall to commit himself wholly to his project. We see that, bizarrely, the room actually changes in size during the film to add confusion, and makes the viewer aware that not everything is as it should be. The isolation of the building is also another factor that can make the viewer worry because whatever danger there may be the only person who will know about it is the isolated character-no-one can hear you scream. In the two pre 1914 novels it is apparent the buildings have been used to create suspense and as places for evil to occur. However, in the 20th century novels the use of buildings is different. The buildings are described in much more detail in Rebecca and The Woman in Black, especially the surroundings, and both buildings seem less daunting and less obviously a place of danger. This is because of the language used by the authors to describe the places. In Rebecca, the heroin reminisces about the building, saying just how perfect everything was with it. It can be considered that this is a cryptic warning, because if everything was perfect, and now everything has become overrun with shrubbery and hedgerow could there be an evil presence? it is definitely possible as many gothic productions follow in this direction. In The Woman in Black the character describes his/her way to the building in great detail and we are told how the building looks like it is growing out of the scenery as the character approaches. Journeys are crucial in gothic writing; the fact that the main character is away from his or her natural, recognisable surroundings can create worry. This is because in a strange place wher you are a stranger to everyone and everyone is a stranger to you, you do not know who you can trust, this can cause worry and suspicion in the readers and characters mind.  Holding out his hand grasped mine with a strength  that made me wince, an effect which was not lessened  by the fact that it seemed as cold as ice-more like the  hand of a dead than a living man-. .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 , .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .postImageUrl , .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 , .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009:hover , .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009:visited , .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009:active { border:0!important; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009:active , .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tragedy of Tess of the D'Urbervilles EssayThis quote from Dracula shows that after his long and tiresome journey from London to Transylvania Mr Harker is weary and very aware. We see that in the film the castle is set high in a mountain (and that is the image created in our minds from the text) where it is obviously cold night, this would surely make Count Draculas hands cold, especially as hands and feet are most sensitive to heat and cold. And so surely this statement by Jonathan Harker is unjust. In Frankenstein Victor his made the journey to university, where he begins to create his monster. In Rebecca the journey is somewhat different as it takes place in the heroins head as a dream. This is very strange because she has made the journey back to her old house and although she has not been there for a while she has in her mind all the precise changes that have taken place in her absence. And in The Woman in Black the main character is also travelling to a building.  So in all four of the selected texts the main characters have made a journey to a building but they have been in very different ways and for many different reasons. Letters and diaries are important features, of the gothic but also it is the way the stories are told, for example first person narrative. In all four of the selected texts we see that the author has used 1st person narrative, this puts the reader more in touch with the character and what theyre going through in the story. Also, mainly in Dracula and Frankenstein some of the chapters (all in Dracula) are written as letters, these letters portray the author of these letters deepest feelings so it is an easier way of knowing whats going on. The narratives of gothic stories have not changed a lot over the years so it is very hard to compare the two time periods. The scenery is used in a big way in gothic writing it shows feeling, and indicates danger and safety. It is hard to get this from the pre 1914 text that we have been issued with but it is quite easy with the twentieth century ones. However, as I have seen the films of both Dracula and Frankenstein it helps me to interpret the pathetic fallacies better. In the pre 1914 novels we can see that the contrast between dark and light and the weather is used in a big way. For example when Victor Frankensteins mother dies at the exact same moment a bolt of lightning strikes and fells a tree in the garden. And in Dracula when Jonathan Harker arrives at Draculas castle it is a dark wet night this indicates that evil is present as that was the way that gothic writers worked in those days. In the twentieth century novels pathetic fallacies are used differently, in both Rebecca and The Woman in Black you will note as I have earlier explain that the buildings are described in great detail. The externals are used to set the scene, things like the shrubbery, hedgerows in Rebecca and the paths and the area surrounding the house in The Woman in Black, and although the weather is used in The Woman in Black it is not as important as the pre 1914 novels. So in pre 1914 novels the weather is used in the externals in a big way but in the twentieth century novels this has changed and the scenery itself had been used to set the mood. In conclusion I can say that Gothic writing has changed over the years but the stock-features have stayed very much the same. I believe that this change has taken place because people themselves have changed. It the early 1900 hundreds people would be shocked and disgusted by the mentioning of Satan or of sex but now these topics come up in many conversations. So gothic writers of today have had to adapt to this and alter their work. Also it is apparent that people have become more sophisticated in many ways so the writing of today has to be much deeper and much more descriptive. So although the conventions of gothic have remained very similar, the writing has changed in many ways.

Albert Einstein and His Theories Essay Example For Students

Albert Einstein and His Theories Essay Albert Einstein and His TheoriesEinstein, Albert (1879-1955), German-born American physicist and Nobellaureate, best known as the creator of the special and general theories ofrelativity and for his bold hypothesis concerning the particle nature of light. He is perhaps the most well-known scientist of the 20th century. Einstein was born in Ulm on March 14, 1879, and spent his youth inMunich, where his family owned a small shop that manufactured electric machinery. He did not talk until the age of three, but even as a youth he showed abrilliant curiosity about nature and an ability to understand difficultmathematical concepts. At the age of 12 he taught himself Euclidean geometry. Einstein hated the dull regimentation and unimaginative spirit of schoolin Munich. When repeated business failure led the family to leave Germany forMilan, Italy, Einstein, who was then 15 years old, used the opportunity towithdraw from the school. He spent a year with his parents in Milan, and when itbecame clear that he would have to make his own way in the world, he finishedsecondary school in Arrau, Switzerland, and entered the Swiss NationalPolytechnic in Zrich. Einstein did not enjoy the methods of instruction there. He often cut classes and used the time to study physics on his own or to playhis beloved violin. He passed his examinations and graduated in 1900 by studyingthe notes of a classmate. His professors did not think highly of him and wouldnot recommend him for a university position. For two years Einstein worked as a tutor and substitute teacher. In 1902he secured a position as an examiner in the Swiss patent office in Bern. In 1903he married Mileva Mari, who had been his classmate at the polytechnic. They hadtwo sons but eventually divorced. Einstein later remarried. Early Scientific PublicationsIn 1905 Einstein received his doctorate from the University of Zrichfor a theoretical dissertation on the dimensions of molecules, and he alsopublished three theoretical papers of central importance to the development of20th-century physics. In the first of these papers, on Brownian motion, he madesignificant predictions about the motion of particles that are randomlydistributed in a fluid. These predictions were later confirmed by experiment. The second paper, on the photoelectric effect, contained a revolutionaryhypothesis concerning the nature of light. Einstein not only proposed that undercertain circumstances light can be considered as consisting of particles, but healso hypothesized that the energy carried by any light particle, called a photon,is proportional to the frequency of the radiation. The formula for this is E =hu, where E is the energy of the radiation, h is a universal constant known asPlancks constant, and u is the frequency of the radiation. This proposal-thatthe energy contained within a light beam is transferred in individual units, orquanta-contradicted a hundred-year-old tradition of considering light energy amanifestation of continuous processes. Virtually no one accepted Einsteinsproposal. In fact, when the American physicist Robert Andrews Millikanexperimentally confirmed the theory almost a decade later, he was surprised andsomewhat disquieted by the outcome. Einstein, whose prime concern was to understand the nature ofelectromagnetic radiation, subsequently urged the development of a theory thatwould be a fusion of the wave and particle models for light. Again, very fewphysicists understood or were sympathetic to these ideas. Einsteins Special Theory of RelativityEinsteins third major paper in 1905, On the Electrodynamics of MovingBodies, contained what became known as the special theory of relativity. Sincethe time of the English mathematician and physicist Sir Isaac Newton, naturalphilosophers (as physicists and chemists were known) had been trying tounderstand the nature of matter and radiation, and how they interacted in someunified world picture. The position that mechanical laws are fundamental hasbecome known as the mechanical world view, and the position that electrical lawsare fundamental has become known as the electromagnetic world view. Neitherapproach, however, is capable of providing a consistent explanation for the wayradiation (light, for example) and matter interact when viewed from differentinertial frames of reference, that is, an interaction viewed simultaneously byan observer at rest and an observer moving at uniform speed. Procrastination EssayMost of Einsteins colleagues felt that these efforts were misguided. Between 1915 and 1930 the mainstream of physics was in developing a newconception of the fundamental character of matter, known as quantum theory. Thistheory contained the feature of wave-particle duality (light exhibits theproperties of a particle, as well as of a wave) that Einstein had earlier urgedas necessary, as well as the uncertainty principle, which states that precisionin measuring processes is limited. Additionally, it contained a novel rejection,at a fundamental level, of the notion of strict causality. Einstein, however,would not accept such notions and remained a critic of these developments untilthe end of his life. God, Einstein once said, does not play dice with theworld.World CitizenAfter 1919, Einstein became internationally renowned. He accrued honorsand awards, including the Nobel Prize in physics in 1921, from various worldscientific societies. His visit to any part of the world became a nationalevent; photographers and reporters followed him everywhere. While r egretting hisloss of privacy, Einstein capitalized on his fame to further his own politicaland social views. The two social movements that received his full support were pacifismand Zionism. During World War I he was one of a handful of German academicswilling to publicly decry Germanys involvement in the war. After the war hiscontinued public support of pacifist and Zionist goals made him the target ofvicious attacks by anti-Semitic and right-wing elements in Germany. Even hisscientific theories were publicly ridiculed, especially the theory of relativity. When Hitler came to power, Einstein immediately decided to leave Germanyfor the United States. He took a position at the Institute for Advanced Study atPrinceton, New Jersey. While continuing his efforts on behalf of world Zionism,Einstein renounced his former pacifist stand in the face of the awesome threatto humankind posed by the Nazi regime in Germany. In 1939 Einstein collaborated with several other physicists in writing aletter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, pointing out the possibility ofmaking an atomic bomb and the likelihood that the German government wasembarking on such a course. The letter, which bore only Einsteins signature,helped lend urgency to efforts in the U.S. to build the atomic bomb, butEinstein himself played no role in the work and knew nothing about it at thetime. After the war, Einstein was active in the cause of internationaldisarmament and world government. He continued his active support of Zionism butdeclined the offer made by leaders of the state of Israel to become president ofthat country. In the U.S. during the late 1940s and early 50s he spoke out onthe need for the nations intellectuals to make any sacrifice necessary topreserve political freedom. Einstein died in Princeton on April 18, 1955. Einsteins efforts in behalf of social causes have sometimes been viewedas unrealistic. In fact, his proposals were always carefully thought out. Likehis scientific theories, they were motivated by sound intuition based on ashrewd and careful assessment of evidence and observation. Although Einsteingave much of himself to political and social causes, science always came first,because, he often said, only the discovery of the nature of the universe wouldhave lasting meaning. His writings include Relativity: The Special and GeneralTheory (1916); About Zionism (1931); Builders of the Universe (1932); Why War?(1933), with Sigmund Freud; The World as I See It (1934); The Evolution ofPhysics (1938), with the Polish physicist Leopold Infeld; and Out of My LaterYears (1950). Einsteins collected papers are being published in a multivolumework, beginning in 1987.